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Water demand in water supply systems
Pikal, Martin ; Tureček, Jan (referee) ; Ručka, Jan (advisor)
Within this diploma thesis were evaluated factors, affecting consumption of drinking water from water supply system. Evaluation of time series of water consumption and chosen factors was performed using tools of mathematical statistics. In the last step was performed a dependence analysis of water consumption using artificial neuron network ANN. Diploma thesis was solved in cooperation with company Vodárenská akciová společnost, PLC and Severomoravské vodovody a kanalizace Ostrava, PCL.
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Climate impact on archaeological monuments in Prague Castle
Pokorný, Šimon ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kozlovcev, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the question of the influence of climate on archaeological monuments beneath the pavement of the III. courtyard of Prague Castle. The complex archaeological site is threatened by the effects of several climatic factors, especially water and temperature changes, which cause weathering processes, and the historical building material in this area is subsequently degraded. The theoretical part of this thesis first deals with the study of historical building materials in the excavation area, with a focus on marlstone and clay slate, which are most susceptible to various types of weathering. Subsequently, degradation processes that affect the state of the present material are discussed, particularly processes related to water penetration through the material, chemical weathering caused by salt crystallization, and swelling of clay minerals, a process that often occurs in clay slate. The last chapter of the theoretical part outlines the impact of future climate change on the action of these processes. The practical part of this thesis focuses on research into frost and salt weathering cycles, particularly the determination of the frequency of cycles in one year of continuous measurement. Moisture and temperature values over time from sensors that are evenly distributed throughout...
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Surviving of Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) chicks in agriculture landscape
Kubelka, Vojtěch ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cepák, Jaroslav (referee)
The variability of egg-size within a bird species reflects different reproductive investments and, besides the intrinsic constraints and particular female quality, it can be affected by environmental factors, too. Moreover, the egg-size predetermines the chick performance. The knowledge of factors influencing precocial chick survival is crucial for better understanding of life-history strategies as well as for endangered species conservation. The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) represents a suitable model species for investigation of climate variables effects on egg-size and also to study factors influencing chick survival. Eggs in a total of 714 nests were measured during 13 breeding seasons over period 1988-2014 in South Bohemia and 293 lapwing chicks from 100 broods in 37 localities were monitored in 2013-2014. The mean egg-size through the whole season is positively affected by March precipitation, March clutches also negatively by minus temperatures in March. The higher intensity of rainfall there is during March, the bigger eggs are laid in March and the steeper is slope of decline in mean egg-size during season. This decline is more profound with lower rainfall in April. The effect of habitat is not significant. The body mass and condition of hatchlings is positively correlated with the...
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EVOLUTION OF ICEFALL IN LABSKÁ ROKLE RAVINE DURING 2014-2016
Švec, Matěj ; Engel, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Šťastná, Petra (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to characterize the Labská rokle creek icefall in terms of its morphology and types of ice structures. It describes the icefall's development during the winter season and analyses the impact of meteorological factors. The data about the icefall's volume were collected via sequential photographing and 3D scanner measuring during the winter seasons 2014/15 and 2015/16. The collected data were compared with the data from temperature sensors situated below the icefall and in its close proximity and with the data from the meteorological station in Labská bouda hut. The given icefall showed a very fast growth in the first phase of its development. This phase was followed by a typically stable phase of small fluctuations and subtle reactions to surrounding stimuli. In the third phase, a rapid decline in volume occurred as a result of either episodic events, such as when a larger piece of ice came loose, or progressive thawing. Regarding the factors, it was confirmed that temperature had the biggest impact on the volume of the icefall. A very high correlation was also found to be between the icefall's volume and the height of snow. A bigger snow height apparently puts off the stable phase and allows a greater accumulation of ice. The impact of global radiation and sunlight...
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Vliv klimatu na radiální přírůst smrku ztepilého na vybraných lokalitách Beskyd
Filák, Jiří
The influence of climate on the growth of trees is a very important issue with respect to the climate change. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is a main grown tree species in the Beskid Mts., and therefore, it is necessary to monitor the causes of changes in its radial increment. The aim of this work was to determine the influence of the selected climate factors on radial growth of Norway spruce. Samples for analysis were taken using Pressler increment borer at nine stands between 549 and 950 m above sea level across the Silesian and the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. Standard dendrochronological methodology was used to measure tree-ring widths, cross-dating, the creation of tree-ring chronologies and modelling dependence of radial growth on climate factors for the period 1961-2014. Well replicated regional tree-ring chronology shows the narrowest tree-ring widths in 1980, 1993, 2003 and 2006 when more than 40% of trees responded negatively. Radial growth statistically significant positive correlates mainly with temperatures and effective global radiation in the period March-May of the current year. Precipitation has positive effect on the radial growth during the previous growing season and in addition in June of the current year. The relative availability of water in the soil has negative effect on tree-ring width in April of the current year. Moreover, moving correlations shows increasing negative effect of temperature and positive effect of soil moisture and precipitation. The results present that climate change probably lead to necessary forest adaptation measures.
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Možnosti užití Chilopoda, Diplopoda a Isopoda: Oniscidea k bioindikaci relativně trvalých ekologických podmínek smrkových a bukových ekosystémů Moravskoslezských Beskyd
Lazorík, Martin
In forest management, forest typology is often used in long term planning. Its basic is forest site, which represents a relatively permanent biocoenosis with phytocoenological similarities. The basis of knowledge is synusia undergrowth (plant components), accompanied by ecological (habitat) characteristics. To changes in the development of ecological factors in the ecosystem is sensitive animal ingredients, than plants. Therefore, the long term effort of knowledge bioindicative animal ingredients, which reacts faster than the flora on induced changes in the ecosystem. In the network of 38 localities covering 12 forest site complex, occurrence of millipede, centipede and terrestrial isopoda was investigated (a method of pitfall traps, 16,189 ex., 39 species). In order to speciy of environmental characteristics, data from 30 weather stations were used, detailed pedological ressearch including soil chemistry and phytocoenological research were carried out. Obtained data were processed by MNDS, PCA and CCA analyses. The most significant factor were coverage by herbaceous vegetation and contents of Ca, and Mg in soil. Distribution of the individual species in relation to different forest site complexes was determined by CCA analysis. All three studied groups of species, i.e. millipedes, centipedes and terrestrial isopods, were evaluated as significant for bioindication within the forest ecosystems. Centipedes and millipedes enabled us to associate each FSC with a specific species. Terrestrial isopods indicated well the localities with high groundwater level and the process of peat formation. Due to the strict requirements indicator pros'tredí was using the methods set value Indicator type Lithobius nodulipes on a forest site complex 5L (Montane AshAlder) and Lithobius pelidnus to 5Y (Skeletal Fir Beech) bioinikator. Also important position had the second Hyloniscu riparius and Ligidium hypnorum 6 O/R (Nutrient medium Peat Spruce).
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EVOLUTION OF ICEFALL IN LABSKÁ ROKLE RAVINE DURING 2014-2016
Švec, Matěj ; Engel, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Šťastná, Petra (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to characterize the Labská rokle creek icefall in terms of its morphology and types of ice structures. It describes the icefall's development during the winter season and analyses the impact of meteorological factors. The data about the icefall's volume were collected via sequential photographing and 3D scanner measuring during the winter seasons 2014/15 and 2015/16. The collected data were compared with the data from temperature sensors situated below the icefall and in its close proximity and with the data from the meteorological station in Labská bouda hut. The given icefall showed a very fast growth in the first phase of its development. This phase was followed by a typically stable phase of small fluctuations and subtle reactions to surrounding stimuli. In the third phase, a rapid decline in volume occurred as a result of either episodic events, such as when a larger piece of ice came loose, or progressive thawing. Regarding the factors, it was confirmed that temperature had the biggest impact on the volume of the icefall. A very high correlation was also found to be between the icefall's volume and the height of snow. A bigger snow height apparently puts off the stable phase and allows a greater accumulation of ice. The impact of global radiation and sunlight...
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Surviving of Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) chicks in agriculture landscape
Kubelka, Vojtěch ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cepák, Jaroslav (referee)
The variability of egg-size within a bird species reflects different reproductive investments and, besides the intrinsic constraints and particular female quality, it can be affected by environmental factors, too. Moreover, the egg-size predetermines the chick performance. The knowledge of factors influencing precocial chick survival is crucial for better understanding of life-history strategies as well as for endangered species conservation. The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) represents a suitable model species for investigation of climate variables effects on egg-size and also to study factors influencing chick survival. Eggs in a total of 714 nests were measured during 13 breeding seasons over period 1988-2014 in South Bohemia and 293 lapwing chicks from 100 broods in 37 localities were monitored in 2013-2014. The mean egg-size through the whole season is positively affected by March precipitation, March clutches also negatively by minus temperatures in March. The higher intensity of rainfall there is during March, the bigger eggs are laid in March and the steeper is slope of decline in mean egg-size during season. This decline is more profound with lower rainfall in April. The effect of habitat is not significant. The body mass and condition of hatchlings is positively correlated with the...
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